俄罗斯文艺

自1985年苏联改革以降,伴随后现代主义文学的合法化、规模化和思潮化,在后殖民主义和后现代主义思潮的文化态势和思想语境中,现实主义文学不断受到挤压、渗透和影响,不断在试验、探索和变化,与白银时代文学、苏联文学和西方文学不断交流,相互对话,形成一种跨越世纪的对话形态,构成一种规模空前的现实主义的回潮现象。此乃文化思想之剧变、文学发展之规律和美学理念之裂变等因素共同作用的结果,并进而导致现实主义在美学范畴的开放性、艺术手法的多样性、流派形式的多元化以及作家流派归属的跨界性等特质。由此,当今俄罗斯现实主义既不同于19世纪的传统现实主义和19—20世纪之交的新现实主义,亦不同于苏联时期的社会主义现实主义和批判现实主义,更不同于当今的现代主义和后现代主义,而是融汇吸收了多种文学流派的艺术品性与文艺思潮的部分因素,同时保留传统现实主义内核的综合现象。这既是俄罗斯现实主义强大文学传统在当今文坛的显现,也是西方外来文学思潮与俄罗斯本土文学因素彼此结合的具体呈现。

Since the Soviet Perestroika in 1985,with the postmodern literature legitimized,large-scaled,and becoming an ideological trend,and in the cultural situation and ideological context of post-colonial and post-modern trend of thoughts,contemporary Russian realism has been continuously extruded,infiltrated,and influenced,has experienced continuous trials,explorations,and changes,and has had continuous communication and mutual dialogue with of Silver Age literature,Soviet literature and western literature,which has promoted the trans-century dialogue and the unprecedented reversion of realism.The reversion of realism results from such factors as the dramatic changes of cultural ideology,the law of literary development,the fission of aesthetic ideology,etc.And on the other hand,it results in the aesthetic openness of realism,the diversity of artistic techniques,the plurality of schools,and the illegibility of writer ascription.Consequently,contemporary Russian realism differs from the traditional realism in the 19th century and the neo-realism at the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries,from the socialist realism and critical realism in the Soviet period,and from contemporary modernism and post-modernism.It is synthesis of different artistic characteristics of various literary schools and some elements of the literary and artistic trend of thoughts which retains the main features of traditional realism.This can be regarded as both the reflection of the strong tradition of Russian realism in contemporary Russian realism and the colligation of Russian literary elements and western literary thoughts.