俄罗斯文艺

陀思妥耶夫斯基的中后期小说蕴含着反乌托邦思想的萌芽。这在他的中篇小说《地下室手记》中,表现为旗帜鲜明地否定时代以理性至上的倾向。84年后,英国作家乔治·奥威尔在其著名的反乌托邦小说《1984》中淋漓尽致地讽刺极权理性对常识规律的随意歪曲和对人性的任意泯灭。有趣的是,这两个文本均以一个相同的数学公式"二二得四"为象征标靶来推展演绎。本文以此入手,剖辨这一个数学公式在两个文本中有同有异的演绎轨迹、喻指批判以及含蕴其中的文化互审,以此发掘陀氏的反理性乌托邦思想对后世反乌托邦文学的影响和启示。

Dostoevsky's novels in his middle and late years reflect his anti-Utopian thoughts, which, in his novella Notes from Underground, are manifested by denying lucidly the trend of putting rationality in the first place. 84 years later,i.e. after the publication of Notes from Underground,British writer George Orwell,in his famous anti-Utopian novel Nineteen EightyFour,poignantly ridiculed the totalitarian rationality which unscrupulously distorted common law and extinguished human nature. Interestingly,both novels pour out arguments and sarcasm in defense of humanitarianism by evolving from the same mathematic proposition"two times two makes four"as a symbol target. This paper,based on the proposition,analyzes how the same mathematic proposition proceeds with different literary deduction,symbolic criticism and culturally mutual examination in the two novels,so as to explore the influence and inspirations of Dostoevsky's anti-Utopian thoughts over later generations' anti-Utopian literature.