俄罗斯文艺

赫尔岑的创作中包含着审丑意识,这主要包括三个方面:一是指社会之丑,即指出了社会环境和社会历史的癫狂性是造成人物心理变态等精神疾病主要原因;二是对文化沙化之丑的描写。专制统治下文化的沙漠化给整个社会各阶层特别是新一代青年人,带来极大的心灵毒化,使他们变得更加自私自利、孤傲冷漠,以及感情的粗鄙化和思维的简单化;三是政治的功利化之丑。政治已不再是启蒙所希冀的实现"理性王国"的单纯和浪漫,而变得非常实用与功利,作者对欧洲大革命失败后的政治现实进行了深刻的反思和检讨,对诸如自由主义、民主主义、民粹主义、无政府主义、民族主义、爱国主义、社会主义等意识形态学说,以及巴枯宁、蒲鲁东、穆勒和欧文等人的政治主张,均展开了批判,显示了作者深刻的思想深度和睿智的政治智慧。

Herzen's consciousness of appreciating the ugly in his creation is reflected in three aspects.The first is the description of the ugly society.It mainly point out the social environment and history of mania is caused by people with mental disorders such as major causes of abnormal bsychology.The second is the depiction of the ugly desertification in culture.The desertification in culture under the authoritarian rule poisons the minds of all levels of the society,especially the new generation of young people,which makes them more selfish and colder,and causes their feelings to be vulgar,and their minds simple.The last one is the reflection of the ugly political utilitarianism.Politics is no longer pure or romantic,but becomes very practical and utilitarian.The author reflects on and examines deeply the political reality after the failure of the Great European War.He criticizes liberalism,democracy,populism and anarchism,as well as nationalism,patriotism,socialism and so on.He also criticizes the political views of Bakunin,Proudhon,and Owen and so on.All these reflect his deep thinking and his sagacious wisdom of politics.