俄罗斯文艺

荒诞派戏剧兴起于20世纪五六十年代,意在展现生活的单调枯燥,揭示人类存在的无意义本质。同样的主题在纳博科夫20世纪30年代的长篇小说《斩首之邀》中早有涉猎。纳博科夫在小说中运用戏剧手法解构世界,使文本呈现出戏剧般的视觉效果。主人公辛辛纳特斯被囚禁于纳博科夫以元戏剧手法构建的虚拟戏剧空间之中,他如同一名错误闯入舞台的观众,每一次行动都在剧本之外,从而打乱了戏剧的结构,这使小说不仅在意义层面,而且在语言、结构等文本层面都具有了荒诞派戏剧元素。

The theater of the absurd emerged in the 1950 s and 1960 s. It is aimed at demonstrating the dullness of life and revealing the meaninglessness as the essence of human existence. A similar theme is also observed in the novel "Invitation to a beheading" written by V. Nabokov in the 30 s of the 20 th century. In the novel, V. Nabokov takes different dramatic techniques to deconstruct the world. Thus, the literary text acquired a visual specificity as in dramatic performances. The protagonist Cincinnati is imprisoned in a virtual theater space constructed by V. Nabokov in a metatheatre style. He is like a spectator who unwittingly got on the stage of the drama. He commits acts and utters words that do not fit into the play, it destroys its harmonious course and shows the elements of the theater of the absurd in speech, the composition of the novel as well as in the semantic world of the novel.