俄罗斯文艺

长篇小说《日瓦戈医生》在篇章布局、主要情节、人物关系和场景设置中都存在环形结构,即呈现出一种复现、呼应和对称。小说在总体布局上注重散文部分与诗歌部分之间的相互观照,在某些篇章的设置上也能让人明显感知其对称性。对于小说中的主要人物日瓦戈和拉拉,他们在生活地点上呈现出一种"重履旧迹"的趋势;在与周围人的关系上,二人在不同的时段却能与相同的人结识。对于小说中林林总总的次要人物,他们的现身也有一定的规律,日瓦戈在自己的生命中总是重逢故人,而这些次要人物的初现和复现一方面使小说回笼到日瓦戈和拉拉的爱情主题,与此同时也使我们的目光向外拓展。这种环形结构为我们解读文本提供了一种新的视角,且使小说具有一种平衡对称的几何美感,同时也起到强化主题、补充叙事、开拓内蕴等作用。此外,环形结构本身也包含了一些颇具哲理性的深层意蕴,体现出理性与非理性的交织和时间的延续性。

The ring composition exists in the chapter layout,main plots,the relationship among the characters and scene settings of the novel Doctor Zhivago;that is,there is reappearance, coordination and symmetry in the fiction. On the overall layout,the novel pays attention to mutual echoes between the prose part and the poetry part. Besides,symmetry can be realized by the organization of some chapters. And the living places of the two main characters,Zhivago and Lara, show a tendency that one follows the other's steps to the very places where his or her beloved has ever stayed. Zhivago and Lara also tend to get acquainted with the same person on different occasions. Furthermore,the minor characters of various kinds in the novel turn up on a regular pattern. Zhivago always comes across old friends in his life. The first and the second appearances of the minor characters make the novel return to the theme of the love between Zhivago and Lara. At the same time,the minor characters bring in other themes to the novel. The ring composition provides us with a new perspective to analyze the text. In addition,the ring composition plays a role in reiterating the theme,making up the narration and opening up the meaning of the fiction. The ring composition itself contains some profound philosophical meanings,such as the mixture of rationality and irrationality and the continuity of time.