俄罗斯文艺

作为世界殿堂级电影大师,安德烈·塔尔科夫斯基的电影一方面在被膜拜的同时,另一方面却又经常被贴上晦涩难懂的标签,令人觉得隔膜,甚至沉闷。究其原因,塔尔科夫斯基电影本身是一个庞大的俄罗斯文化迷宫,随处可见的俄罗斯思想文化印记令陌生者不得其门而入。本文将通过塔尔科夫斯基对电影文本的研究,梳理出贯穿其电影的"Русскаяидея"主线。"Русскаяидея"应译为"俄罗斯理念"。这个词意味着浸透在俄罗斯文化中的那种使命感:即俄罗斯人是上帝的特殊选民,"第三罗马"是基督的合法继承者,这种弥赛亚意识从本质上影响了俄罗斯文化,也弥漫在塔尔科夫斯基所有电影中。这种特质有两面性,既有基督精神的普世情怀,也有沙文主义气息。而前者更是塔氏电影之所以动人的最主要原因。

As a world-class master of films,Andrei Tarkovsky's films are worshiped on one hand and are labeled as obscure on the other. The reason for it is that the films by Tarkovsky are by themselves a giant maze of Russian culture and that the Russian ideological and cultural imprints found everywhere make it difficult for strangers to find a way into the maze. By examining Tarkovsky's research into the film texts,this paper attempts to find the"Русская идея"dominating all of his films so as to open the gate of the palace of Tarkovsky's films. Here,"Русская идея"should be put into"the Russian idea"rather than into"the Russian thought". The term implies the sense of mission permeating Russian culture :i.e. Russians are the special voters of the God and the"third Rome"is the legal heir of Christ. The Messianic consciousness has influenced Russian culture fundamentally and pervades all of Tarkovsky's films. Such a trait endows his films with a dual character :both universal feelings of Christianity and a breath of chauvinism. The former are what make Tarkovsky's films appealing.