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语言符号的主要作用在于表达和传递意义,从而最终实现交际。著名语言学家、符号学家罗曼·雅柯布森在"扬弃"索绪尔的"能指"与"所指"的基础上提出了"表达"与"意义"的独到见解。不同的表达方式会产生不同的意义领悟,语言的意义也因表达的方式与环境的不同而不同。本文基于雅柯布森的符号功能观,分别从语言符号的指称和功能来探究何为"意义",从方式和环境角度来分析传意之"表达"。雅柯布森对语言符号学多方面的贡献与创见,足堪我们的楷模。在继承传扬雅柯布森的教义精髓基础上,我们可以更好理解语言符号的"意义",欣赏其"表达"之美。
Abstract：The main function of language is expressing and conveying meaning, and thereby achieving communication. Roman Jakobson, famous linguist and semiotician, systematically and creatively advances the theory of "expression" and "sense" by developing and discarding Saussure's concept of "signifier" and "signified". Different expressions may produce different meanings which may vary from environment to environment and from mode to mode of expression. Based on Jakobson's semiotic theory, this paper explores the relationship between "expression" and "sense". We can gain insight into "sense" based on its reference and function. At the same time, we can get a better understanding of "expression" through studying its ways and context. Jakobson's contribution to the advancement of linguistic semiotics is well appreciated and has contributed enormously to our understanding of it. By inheriting and spreading Jakobson's theory, we can surely appreciate the beauty of language.
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[3]钱军:布拉格学派近况与现状[J],国外语言学,1996年第4期。
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[6]Jakobson,R.Sign and System of Language:A Reassessment of Saussure’s doctrine[A].In K.Pomorska&S.Rudy(ed.),Selected Writings II:Word and language[C].Hague:Mouton,1971.
[7]Peirce,Charles Sanders.Philosophical Writings of Peirce(Selected and edited with an introduction by Justus Buchler)[M].New York:Dover Publication,Inc.,1955.
[8]Jakobson,R.A Few Remarks on Peirce,Pathfinder in the Science of Language[J].Modern Language Notes 92(5).
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①见维基百科“袋鼠”词条:http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/袋鼠。
①雅柯布森1956年12月27日在美国语言学会年会上所做的主席演讲文。[1]
①雅柯布森认为,语言结构的基础是相似(similarity)和邻近(contiguity)这两种关系。在一个选择集合中的成分通过相似性联系在一起,在一个组合当中的成分通过邻近性联系在一起。雅柯布森把这一二分法运用到失语症的研究上,把所有的失语症类型分为相似关系紊乱和邻近关系紊乱两大类。参见雅柯布森《语言的两个方面与失语症的两个类型》(1956)、《失语症的语言学分类》(1964)、《失语症的语言学类型》(1966)、《雅柯布森论语言》(1990)。
基本信息:
DOI：10.16238/j.cnki.rla.2015.03.019
中图分类号:H0-0
引用信息:
[1]李静,王永祥.表达的意义与意义的表达——雅柯布森的语符功能观[J].俄罗斯文艺,2015(03):133-139.DOI:10.16238/j.cnki.rla.2015.03.019.
基金信息:
“江苏高校优势学科建设工程二期项目”的研究成果(优势学科代码:20140901)