俄罗斯文艺

当代俄罗斯作家瓦尔拉莫夫的长篇小说《臆想之狼》以俄国“白银时代”为叙事背景，呈现出一种迥异于传统历史小说的独特面貌。本文从文本出发，分析小说的历史叙事策略：其一，小说借助碎片化的时空架构、流动的视角和人物的话语冲突，将白银时代重构为一幅“乱世”图景；其二，小说以真实历史人物（普里什文、罗赞诺夫、格林、拉斯普廷）为原型，通过“纪实—虚构”并置的超文本手法，将传记事实转化为精神真实，实现了由事件史向精神史的叙事转换；其三，小说将“臆想之狼”塑造为一种弥漫性的、不可化约为单一所指的象征形象，借鉴了白银时代的象征主义诗学，与别雷的《彼得堡》及索洛古勃的《卑劣的小鬼》形成互文。通过这三重叙事策略，瓦尔拉莫夫将白银时代重构为一部精神史，深刻折射出当代俄罗斯知识分子在历史断裂与文化认同焦虑中的复杂思想姿态，并为后苏联时代的精神危机提供了一种文学回应。

Contemporary Russian writer Aleksei Varlamov's novel The Imagined Wolf, set against the backdrop of Russia's “Silver Age”, presents a distinctive approach that diverges significantly from traditional historical fiction. This article analyzes the novel's historical narrative strategy from the the following three perspectives: First, the novel reconstructs the Silver Age as a vision of “turbulent times” by means of a fragmented spatiotemporal structure, shifting narrative perspectives, and discursive conficts among characters. Second, using real historical fgures like Prishvin, Rozanov, Grin, Rasputin as prototypes and employing a hypertextual technique that juxtaposes “documentary and fiction”, the novel transforms biographical facts into spiritual truth, thereby achieving a narrative shift from event history to spiritual history. Third, the novel shapes “the imaginary wolf” as a pervasive symbolic image irreducible to a single signified, reviving the symbolist poetics of the Silver Age and establishing intertextual links with Bely's Petersburg and Sologub's The Petty Demon. Through these three narrative strategies, Varlamov reconstructs the Silver Age as a spiritual history, profoundly refecting the complex intellectual stance of contemporary Russian intellectuals amid historical rupture and cultural identity anxiety, offering a literary response to the spiritual crisis of the post-Soviet era.